结核病是由结核杆菌引起的慢性传染病，是流行性最广、病死率最高的传染病之一。卡介苗是目前唯一用于预防结核病的疫苗，可预防儿童结核性脑膜炎和播散性结核病，但对青少年和成年人肺结核的预防效果不理想。目前已经研发出数十种能够诱导细胞免疫应答的新型结核病疫苗，包括结核杆菌减毒疫苗、重组卡介苗、亚单位疫苗和病毒载体疫苗。部分疫苗已进入临床试验，但有些研究结果不够理想。

 Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is one of the infectious diseases with highest epidemicity and mortality rate. Currently, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only vaccine available against TB. It prevents children from tubercular meningitis and disseminated TB , but it has no obvious effectiveness against TB in adolescents and adults. Several TB candidate vaccines based on evoking cellular immune responses have been developed, includeing live attenuated mycobacterial vaccine, recombinant BCG, subunit vaccine and virus vector-based vaccines. Part of them are now in the clinical trials, but some of the results are not ideal.