部分高危型人乳头瘤病毒（human papillomavirus，HPV）经性接触传播，可导致宫颈及肛门等部位的恶性肿瘤。默克公司的Gardasil四价疫苗和葛兰素史克公司的Cervarix二价疫苗已被美国FDA 批准上市，在世界范围内广泛应用，但尚未在中国上市。目前研究者正致力于开发保护覆盖面广、价格低廉的第二代疫苗。此文重点介绍国内外第二代预防性疫苗的研究进展。

 Part of the high risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are transmitted by sexual contact and lead to cervical, anal and other cancers. Two HPV vaccines, Gardasil quadrivalent vaccine and Cervarix bivalent vaccine, have been approved by FDA. Both vaccines have been widely used, but have not yet entered China. Researchers are committed to developing low-cost and broad-spectrum protective second-generation vaccines. This review focuses on current progress in development of the next generation prophylactic HPV vaccines.