基孔肯雅病毒（chikungunya virus, CHIKV）是由伊蚊传播的甲病毒。CHIKV感染可导致基孔肯雅热，近年来在全球范围内多次暴发，引发严重的公共卫生问题，目前尚无特异性抗病毒药物获批上市，临床治疗仍以对症和支持治疗为主。随着CHIKV传播范围的扩大和疾病负担的加重，开发有效的抗病毒药物成为迫切需求。此文综述了CHIKV的流行情况、基因组结构和功能以及近年来抗CHIKV药物，包括直接抗病毒药物、宿主靶向药物等的研究进展。此文还探讨了药物开发过程中面临的挑战，如发生耐药突变、药物安全性及临床转化等问题，并展望了未来研究方向，包括多靶点药物设计、联合用药策略以及计算机辅助药物设计与人工智能等。通过系统梳理现有研究成果，为抗CHIKV药物的进一步研发提供参考和启示。

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a type of alphavirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. CHIKV infection can result in chikungunya fever, which presents with symptoms such as high fever, joint pain, and chronic arthritis, among other clinical manifestations.In recent years, it has caused multiple outbreaks globally, leading to serious public health issues.However, there are currently no specific antiviral drugs approved for marketing, and clinical treatments mainly focus on symptomatic and supportive treatments. With the expanding geographic range of CHIKV transmission and increasing disease burden, there is an urgent need to develop effective antiviral drugs. This article reviews the epidemiology, genomic structure, and function of CHIKV, as well as recent research progress on antiviral drugs against CHIKV, including direct-acting antiviral agents and host-targeted drugs. Additionally, this article discusses the challenges faced during the drug development process, such as the occurrence of drug-resistant mutations, drug safety, and clinical translation issues. It also looks forward to future research directions, including multi-target drug design, combination therapy strategies, and computer-aided drug design with artificial intelligence. By systematically summarizing existing research findings, this article aims to provide guidance and insights for the further development of antiviral drugs against CHIKV.