目的 分析青岛市预防乙型肝炎（乙肝）病毒母婴传播措施的阻断效果，探讨相关影响因素。方法 以青岛市2021年完成分娩的869例乙肝病毒感染产妇及其生产且完成乙肝血清学标志物检测的儿童（乙肝暴露儿童）为研究对象，通过随访及问卷调查，获得乙肝母婴传播率及家长对乙肝母婴传播知识的知晓情况，以单因素和多因素逻辑回归方法分析阻断失败的影响因素。结果 共调查乙肝暴露儿童869名，乙肝母婴传播率为0.69%。乙肝暴露儿童未完成全程乙肝疫苗接种〔比值比（odds ratio,OR）=0.030，95%置信区间（confidence interval，CI）：0.004~0.232〕和母亲胎膜早破（OR=9.570，95% CI：1.343~68.201）可能是导致乙肝母婴传播的独立危险因素。乙肝病毒表面抗原研究组和对照组儿童家长对妊娠期必要性用药可以减少母婴传播风险、乙肝暴露儿童接种全程乙肝疫苗后需要进行检测、乙肝疫苗接种流程、接种次数以及乙肝暴露儿童出生后的干预阻断措施知晓情况存在差异。结论 加强孕期保健、减少胎膜早破的发生、对乙肝暴露儿童出生后及时实施联合免疫策略和全程疫苗接种程序，可显著提升母婴阻断效能。针对重点人群加强宣教、提高预防乙肝相关知识的知晓率是降低乙肝母婴传播的有效途径。

Objective To analyze the blocking effect of measures for preventing maternal-infant transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Qingdao and to explore related influencing factors.Methods A total of 869 HBV infected parturients giving birth in Qingdao in 2021 and their children who completed hepatitis B serological marker detection (HBV-exposed children) were selected as research objects. Through follow-up results and questionnaire surveys, the maternal-infant transmission rate of HBV and parents’ awareness of knowledge related to HBV maternal-infant transmission were obtained. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods were used to analyze the influencing factors of blocking failure.Results Of 869 HBV-exposed children surveyed, the maternal-infant transmission rate of HBV was 0.69%. Uncompleted full-course hepatitis B vaccination in HBV-exposed children [odds ratio (OR) = 0.030, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.004-0.232] and maternal premature rupture of fetal membrane(OR = 9.570, 95% CI: 1.343-68.201) might be independent risk factors for maternal-infant transmission of HBV. There were differences between parents of children in HBV surface antigen study group and control group in the awareness regarding necessary medication during pregnancy reducing the risk of maternal-infant transmission, the need for testing after HBV-exposed children receiving full-course hepatitis B vaccination, hepatitis B vaccination procedure, the number of vaccinations, and the intervention and blocking measures for HBV-exposed children after birth.Conclusions Enhancing prenatal care, reducing the occurrence of premature rupture of fetal membrane, and timely implementation of combined immunization strategies and full-course hepatitis B vaccination procedures for HBV-exposed children after birth can significantly improve the efficacy of maternal-infant blocking. Strengthening health education for key populations and improving the awareness rate of knowledge related to hepatitis B prevention are effective ways to reduce maternal-infant transmission of HBV.