间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cell，MSC）源性外泌体（MSC derived exosome，MSC-Exo）是由MSC通过旁分泌作用产生的携带大量生物信息传播介质和活性物质的脂质双分子层包裹纳米级囊泡，可实现有选择性、定向性的细胞间信号转导，抑制炎症反应，促进受损组织的修复与再生。此文就MSC-Exo的生物学特性、作用机制及其在常见疾病治疗中的潜在应用与发展进行综述。

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) are a kind of lipid bilayer encapsulated nano-sized vesicles produced by MSCs through paracrine. They carry a large number of biological information transmission media and active substances, and can achieve selective and directional intercellular signal transduction, inhibit inflammatory reaction and promote the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues. This article reviews the biological characteristics, mechanism of action and potential application of MSC-Exos in the treatment of common diseases in recent years.