IFN-α/β是机体对抗外来病原体的第一道防线，其产生和后续激活的细胞信号转导可诱导具有抑制病毒感染和复制作用的IFN刺激基因的表达。然而，大多数病毒可通过表达一种或多种蛋白抵抗宿主细胞的抗病毒反应。流感病毒非结构蛋白1（nonstructural protein 1，NS1）作为多功能毒力因子，在流感病毒感染过程中起重要作用。此文概述了NS1的结构与功能及抑制IFN-α/β产生和抗病毒效应作用的机制，为研究流感病毒致病机理提供参考。

The host IFN-α/β response is critical as the first line of defense against foreign pathogens. IFN-α/β production and subsequent activation of cell signaling result in the expression of antiviral IFN-stimulated genes whose products inhibit virus infection and replication. However, most viruses can express one or several proteins that counter the antiviral defenses of host cell. The multifunctional virulence factor, nonstructural protein 1 （NS1） of influenza virus has an important role in virus infection. This review summarizes the basic biochemistry of NS1 and highlights the mechanism by which NS1 suppresses IFN-α/β production and subsequent cell signaling, and provides references for the research of influenza virus pathogenesis.