轮状病毒（rotavirus，RV）是全球范围内导致婴幼儿腹泻的主要病原体之一。研究表明干净的水源和良好的卫生环境不能阻断RV传播，且目前尚无特异性治疗RV性腹泻的药物，使用RV疫苗是唯一有效的防控手段。此文对RV疫苗的使用现状、研发进展及面临的挑战做一综述。

 Rotavirus (RV) is one of the leading pathogenes responsible for infantile diarrhea worldwide. Studies have shown that clean water and adequate sanitation can not block RV transmission, and there still lacks specific drugs for treatment of RV diarrhea. RV vaccine is the only effective means for prevention and control of the disease. This paper reviews the use status, development progress and challenges of rotavirus vaccine.