免疫佐剂是指与抗原一起或先于抗原注入机体后，可增强机体对该抗原的免疫应答能力或改变免疫应答类型的辅助物质。最近发现，某些氨基酸残基数小于50的小分子多肽具有增强机体免疫活性的能力。这些小分子多肽类佐剂因其安全性好、生物相容性好、易合成、纯度高、制备成本低等优点逐渐引起人们的关注。此文综述了小分子多肽类佐剂疫苗的研究现状，并对小分子多肽类佐剂的发展未来作了展望。

Immune adjuvant is an auxiliary substance, which can enhance the body’s immune response to antigen or alter the immune response type when administrated with antigens or before antigen administration. Recently, researchers found that some small peptides containing less than 50 amino acid residues have adjuvant activity. These small polypeptide adjuvants have gained more and more attention for their advantages, including good safety, good biocompatibility, easy to synthesize, high purity,low preparation cost. This review summarizes the current progress and future prospects on small polypeptide adjuvants.