鼻疽杆菌和类鼻疽杆菌属假单胞菌属，所致疾病分别为鼻疽和类鼻疽，主要流行于澳大利亚北部、泰国和新加坡，中国、北美等其他国家和地区也有散发病例报道。易获取、易播散、治疗困难和缺乏疫苗使得这类细菌有可能被用作生物武器，美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）和美国疾病控制预防中心（CDC）将这两类细菌列为B类病原体。当前各国正在积极开发疫苗，但由于这两种病原体的特殊性致使疫苗研究困难重重，脂多糖抗体被证实有一定保护作用，但是菌毛、外膜蛋白及Ⅲ型分泌系统因子相关的疫苗的保护性并不令人满意。此文主要阐述这两类细菌疫苗的研究进展。

 Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei belong to Pseudomonas, and are the causative agents of the diseases glanders and melioidosis, respectively, epidemic to Southeast Asia and Northern Australia, and sporadic cases have been reported from China, North America and other areas. Together with their readily accessibility, resistance to many common antibiotics，high rate of infectivity via aerosols and lack of effective vaccine make them potential candidates for bioweaponization, and both bacteria have been classified as category B priority pathogens by the US NIH and US CDC. The glanders and melioidosis vaccines are developed in many countries, but the vaccine research has been beset with difficulties due to the specificity of the pathogens. At present, antibody to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is proved to be effective in protection against the pathogens, but the efficacy of pili, outer membrane proteins (OMP) and type Ⅲ secretion system subunit vaccines is unsatisfactory.