The current COVID-19 epidemic is still in a global pandemic, and the number of confirmed cases and deaths continues to rise. How to effectively control the spread of the virus and reduce the infection rate and the mortality rate is an urgent problem for all mankind at present. On the one hand, we need fast, reliable, and economic detection methods to find severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2（SARS-CoV-2） infection in time. On the other hand, it is necessary to find novel and effective COVID-19 treatment and prevention strategies. A variety of new-generation gene-editing technologies based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat and associated protein (CRISPR-Cas) systems provide rapid, portable, economical, and efficient features for rapid genetic diagnosis of COVID-19 solution. The CRISPR-Cas system can accurately recognize and degrade SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, which provides a potential technical solution for the development of new treatment and prevention methods for COVID-19. This paper analyzes the current situation of diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, and briefly describes the research progress of molecular diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies of COVID-19 based on CRISPR-Cas system.